Sprinkler attachment.



W. B. HAMMOND.

SPRINKLER ATTACHMENT.

APPLICATION FILED 111111.21, 1913.

.1,077,8301 v Patented NOVA, 1913.

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WILBERFORCE BEECHER HAMMOND, or BROOKLI'NE', ivressminusnr'rs.y

SPRINKLER ATTACHMENT.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Paeenteanov. 4; 1913;

Y.A'ppneanon' med March' 21 191s; serial No. 755,823;

T0 all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, VILBnRroRcn BEEGHER HAMMOND, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Brookline, in the county of Norfolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements4 in Sprinkler Attachments, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the construction of sprinkler systems for fire protection, and consists' in certain improvements by which sprinkler heads of the ordinary standard type may be safely applied to water circu-k lation pipes which, for purposesof heating, may carry water at a much higher temperature than that whichk will suffice to release the automatic sprinkler head. In some respects the inventionsy herein shown are improvements upon an invention shown and described in an application for United States Patent, Serial No. aft, tiled by me December 7, 1911.

The purpose of the present improvements is to provide a sure means for entrapping gases in an oii'set to which a sprinkler head is attached in su-ch manner that the sprinkler head and a large portion` of the otfset is occupied by such gases. rlhes-e therefore exclude water from a relatively large portion of the offset, retard or.- prevent` local circulation, due to thermal infiuences, of such water and therefore enable the metal of which the offset is preferably composed to disperse heatveommunicated byl conduction from the main pipe in which hot` water will circulate, tov an extent sufficient to maintain the sprinkler head under normal conditions at a temperaturesafely below that atwhich it is intended to opera-te as an automatic sprinkler. y A

In the drawings hereto annexed, which illustrate sundry forms of my invention,- Figure 1 is an side elevation, partly in section, of a sprinkler oiiset with asprinkler thereon; Fig. 2 is a simi-lar view of another form; Fig. 3 isa cross section at the line 3-3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is an elevation, partly in section, of another form; Figv' an" elevation, partly in sect1on,`of"another form and Fig. 6 1s an elevation, partly insection,y

of still another form.

In all the forms of sprinkler oii'set herein illustrated, the characteristic feature of my invention will be found, namely, a partition Within the sprinkler offset which serves as a damto prevent water, which may enter from4 the main pipe,y fromcoming iny contact `with aconsiderable port-ion of the metal of' which the offset itself is composed. This partition may operate as an inverted dam as in Figs.1, `2 and 4, which allows lwater to iiow in under it but prevents water from rising above the lip of the dam, or as a dam such'as shownin Figs. t and 6, in which water isl normally' prevented from flowing over the lip of the dam ingt-ocontact with the, walls of the sprinkler offset. n

Referringto Figi. 1, M represents a main pipe through `whieh water at high temperature may be circulated. ik. quarter turn union A is secured to a nipple or" to a T coupling onA the main pipe M and a lengthK of` pipe P issecured in the quarter turn A and carries at; its other end a quarter turn C to which the sprinklerhead Sy is secured in the usualmanner. The pipe P has formed or se cured within it a transverse partition B which operates as {an'linverted dam which prevents water' under norm-al conditions from risingabo-ve thel level yindicated the dotted line L. ,Although the water may rise to this level under some conditions of pres--v sure within the system, it will not rise above that level `to any material` exten-t;` and although the water may lie in Contact with the lower portion of the pipe P, the presence of the partition B will prevent circulation. of'water except possibly in that por tion of the offset whichplies betweenthe said partition and the main pipe M. Thus, the greaterportion of the offset is occupied by` dead water in itsA lower'part and by gases in its upper part, both of which are verypoor conductors of heat, and the metal ofjwhieh the offsetvv is composed will readily radiate heat conducted to it so rapidly as tomaintain the. sprinkler head Sl at a sate temperature, considerably below thetemperature aty which standard sprinkler heads are set to" release.

Ano ther form. ofmy invention is shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and this I am inclined to re'- v' gardas `a preferable form. Here the parti- Ltionmaidned B" consists ofa tapered tube ,ofthin metal such as tin, which is made to iit water-tight within the pipe P at that end of the tube B which lies nearest the main pipe M. The tube B in this form lies in contact with the lower side of the pipe P so that its open end B2 is in the position shown in Figs. 2 and 3. I-Iere the lip formed by the upper part of the orifice B2 constitutes an inverted dam which like the transverse partition B in Fig. l, prevents water from rising materially above the level of the dotted line marked L. The tubular form of partition may be employed as a dam in that form of my invention illustrated in Fig. 4.-, in which the offset pipe P extends vertically upward from the main pipe M. The tube B is secured or sealed at its lower end to the pipe P and extends upward sothat its opening B2 is well above the level to which, under any probable condition, water will rise. If water stands at the level marked L2 in this tube, although it may so circulate as to be vvery nearly as hot as the water in pipe M,`the fact that the tube B is so proportioned as to leave a space all around it between it and the wall of the tube P insures the presence of entrapped gases in Contact with substantially the entire length of the pipe P', and these gases being poor conductors of heat, will enablethe pipe P, even though it be quite short, say three or four inches, to take care of communicated heat by radiation and keep the temperature of the sprinkler head S at a safe degree. I it should so happen that some water flows over the opening B2 of the pipe B', it will lie in the contracted annular space between the top B and the pipe P and will there constitute simply a film of dead water too thin to set up an appreciable amount of circulation, so that presence of such water will not mat-erially impair the heat-insulating capacity of the offset taken as a whole.

In Fig. 5 there is illustrated another form i in which the oset pipe P2, joined at one end to a union A and at the other to union C, extends downward at an angle. The tapered tube B inside of the offset pipe P2 here performs its function as an inverted dam in substantially the same way as in the :form shown in Fig. 2. The form shown in Fig. 5. however, is not particularly recommended if only for the reason that it is a form which does not provide for drainage back into the main pipe M.

Fig. 6 shows a form intermediate between those of Figs. 2 and 4 in which a pipe P3, joined to unions A2 and C2, extends upward at an angle. and contains the partition pipe -B centrally disposed in the pipe P3 so as to Vleave a space all around the tube B.

'Ihe operation of the oiset so constructed will be substantially the same as that of the form shown in rig. 4. i

In all cases the principle of operation is characterized by the function of the partition which, whatever its form, serves to prevent any body of Water voluminous enough to set up internal circulation from coming into contact with a considerable portion of the metal of which the oset is composed so that the heat coming from the main pipe M and the Water therein as a source, is controlled and taken care or' by radiation so as to keep the temperature of the sprinkler head S at a safe limit.

What I claim and desire to secure bv Letters Patent is l. In a sprinkler' attachment, the combination of an offset adapted to be secured to a lmain water pipe, a sprinkler head at 'the end of said offset, and a partition in said oHset with its lip at such level therein as to maintain a considerable portion of the offset free from contact with water.

2. In a sprinkler attachment, the combination of an offset, adapted to be secured to a main water pipe, a sprinkler head at the end of the oiset, and a tube inside the offset, sealed to the walls of the offset at the end of the tube nearer the main pipe, and of such dimensions as to leave a space between the tube and the inner wall of the offset.

3. In a sprinkler attachment, an offset comprising a horizontal tubular member adapted to be secured to a main water pipe, a sprinkler head at the end of the offset, and a partition in said horizontal tubular member, having its lip at such level as to maintain a considerable portion of the offset free from contact with water.

4. In a sprinkler attachment, the combination of an offset adapted to be secured to a main water pipe and comprising a horizontal tubular member, a sprinkler head at the end of the oifset, and a tube inside the offset, sealed to the walls of the offset at the end of the tube nearer the main pipe, and of such dimensions as to leave a space between the tube and the inner wall of the horizontal member of the offset.

Signed by me at Boston, Massachusetts, this 18th day of March, 1913.

WILBERFORGE BEECHER HAMMOND.

Witnesses:

ODIN ROBERTS, JOSEPHINE II. RYAN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C. 

